http://202.45.146.37:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/7 Thesis Sun, 19 Apr 2026 20:19:57 GMT 2026-04-19T20:19:57Z http://202.45.146.37:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/414 Title: CHARACTERIZATION AND APPLICATION OF AMYLASE AND XYLANASE ENZYMES FROM BACILLUS CEREUS IN ENHANCING MANGO JUICE CLARIFICATION Authors: Thakur, Priyanka Abstract: Enzymes with potential industrial applications, including the food industry, include amylase and xylanase. Fruit juice contains a variety of sugars that must be clarified without compromising the juice's quality; therefore, appropriate, high-quality enzymes are crucial for this process. The purpose of this study was to separate and characterize bacteria that produce xylanase and amylase from soil and fruit peel samples that were gathered in the Kathmandu Valley. The amylase was produced in a conical flask with nutritional broth containing 1% starch at 37 °C in a rotatory water shaker bath at 120 rpm. After 24 hours, the mixture was centrifuged at 10,000 for 5 minutes. The amylase activity in the supernatant was measured using the DNSA technique. After isolating 17 amylase-producing bacteria, one (6%) of them produced xylanase and was recognized as Bacillus cereus by means of extensive characterization techniques such as colony morphology, staining, biochemical testing, and 16S rRNA sequencing. The ideal pH and temperature for B. cereus amylase production were found to be 7.0 and 40°C, respectively. Mango juice was successfully clarified using B. cereus-extracted enzymes, indicating their possible use in industrial operations. Additionally, analyses of the isolated enzymes' physicochemical characteristics and structure predictions were carried out. The B. cereus strain K21 has shown promise as a source of amylase and xylanase enzymes, and it is very adept at clarifying fruit juice. These results demonstrate the enzymes' industrial potential, especially in the food processing industry. Description: A Dissertation Submitted to the Department of Microbiology, Central Campus of Technology, Tribhuvan University, Dharan, Nepal, in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Award of Degree of Master of Science in Microbiology (Food) Tue, 19 Aug 2025 00:00:00 GMT http://202.45.146.37:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/414 2025-08-19T00:00:00Z http://202.45.146.37:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/305 Title: EXTRACTION OF ANTIBIOTICS BY ACTINOMYCETES ISOLATED FROM EASTERN MOUNTAIN REGION OF NEPAL Authors: Dhakal, Pradip Pratap Abstract: Bioactive compounds like antibiotic can be considered as a substance, produced by one microorganism, which inhibits the growth of another microorganism. Actinomycetes, slow growing gram-positive bacteria, are the major sources of bioactive compounds. The aim of this study was to screen antibiotic producing Actinomycetes for antibiosis from the soils of Eastern Mountain region of Nepal. Primary screening and secondary screening were performed by perpendicular streak method and agar well assay method respectively. Microbiological characterization was performed for identification of presumptive genera. Characterization of the antibacterial substances extracted from this isolate was done by Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) using Chloroform: Methanol (10:90) as the solvent system and iodine vapor as the visualizing agent. Altogether forty-one actinomycetes were isolated from soil samples but only one (2.4%) of the isolate showed antibacterial activity against both Gram positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram negative (Escherichia coli, Salmonella Typhi Shigella spp., and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) test-bacteria in primary screening. Isolate M3 was selected for secondary screening because of its potent antibacterial activity. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of crude antibacterial substances was carried out by serial dilution method and found to be 2.5 mg/mL against test organisms. The chromatogram in TLC showed only one spot with Rf value 0.81 by the isolate suggesting that the isolate produced only one compound which was completely different from the spot with Rf value 0.89 produced by gentamycin. According to identification by Microscopy (1000X) and overall biochemical, and physiological characteristics, the isolate was considered as Streptomyces spp, a distinct taxonomic group. , Description: A Dissertation Submitted to the Department of Microbiology, Central Campus of Technology, Tribhuvan University, Dharan, Nepal, in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Award of Degree of Masters of Science in Microbiology (Public Health Fri, 16 Feb 2024 00:00:00 GMT http://202.45.146.37:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/305 2024-02-16T00:00:00Z http://202.45.146.37:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/293 Title: SUITABILITY ANALYSIS OF DRINKING WATER FROM THE SPRINGS OF DEUMAI WATERSHED ILAM, NEPAL Authors: SHRESTHA, PRIYA DARSHAN Abstract: Spring is one of the major sources of drinking water in hilly and Himalayan region. The aim of this study was to check whether the water was suitable for drinking or not by studying the physicochemical properties. Springs of Deumai watershed Ilam, Nepal was investigated for water samples and the physicochemical parameters studied were TDS, pH, temperature, total hardness, alkalinity, total iron and major ion concentrations (Na+ , K+ , Mg2+ , Ca2+, Cl– , SO4 2– , NO3 – ) to describe the water’s chemical characteristics. The determination of concentration of chemical parameters was performed by using spectrophotometric method, flame photometric method and titration method. According to the findings and comparison with the guidelines of drinking water given by World Health Organization (WHO) and National Drinking Water Quality Standard (NDWQS), the water quality for drinking water was found within the standards set by them. The average pH was found 7.47. And the dominance trend for major cations was Ca2+ > Na+ > Mg2+ > K+ and for anions was Cl– > NO3 – > SO4 2– . All the values obtain were within the range specified by WHO and NDWQS guidelines of drinking water. Description: A PROJECT WORK SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY CENTRAL CAMPUS OF TECHNOLOGY INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY TRIBHUVAN UNIVERSITY NEPAL FOR THE AWARD OF BACHELOR OF SCIENCE (B.Sc.) IN CHEMISTRY Sun, 23 Jul 2023 00:00:00 GMT http://202.45.146.37:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/293 2023-07-23T00:00:00Z http://202.45.146.37:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/292 Title: ETHNOBOTANICAL SURVEY OF MEDICINAL PLANTS PRACTICED BY THE RAI COMMUNITY OF DHARAN SUB-METROPOLITAN CITY, SUNSARI, NEPAL Authors: RAI, SHUSIL CHANDRA Abstract: Ethnobotany is the study of local plants and their practical application in the treatment of various diseases. The Rai community is one of the oldest, most traditional and unique indigenous groups, living primarily in the mountainous regions of eastern Nepal. This study explores the rich traditions of ethnomedicine practice in Rai communities. Rai communities have long relied on traditional herbal remedies obtained from local plants for the treatment of various ailments. However, with the advancement and emergence of modern medicine, the use of traditional medicinal plants appears to be declining, requiring immediate action to preserve their ethnomedical heritage. This study was adopted as an interdisciplinary approach, combining ethnomedical research methods, interviews with local community members, village leaders, traditional health practitioners, and botanical surveys. It identified and documented ethnic medicinal plants practised in tribal communities. This study aims to identify promising medicinal plants that may aid in the development of new drugs, health care and new treatments. A total of 73 medicinal plants were identified during this study. Herbs were found to be the most used plant form and out of 73 plants, 17 species could cure respiratory disorders such as cough, asthma, cold, sore throat and pneumonia. Mostly, whole plant was used for treatment followed by leaf and roots of the plant. Plants were primarily utilized for mastication and juice out of all the recorded uses. These findings contribute to a greater understanding and appreciation of traditional treatments in Rai communities. As a result of the documentation and preservation of this knowledge, the Rai community will also benefit from royalties that will allow them continue to market and safeguard their therapeutic plant species. This research aims to raise awareness of traditional knowledge systems and their potential contributions to global health and well-being by emphasizing the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration and cultural considerations. Description: A PROJECT WORK SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY CENTRAL CAMPUS OF TECHNOLOGY INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY TRIBHUWAN UNIVERSITY NEPAL FOR THE AWARD OF BACHELOR IN SCIENCE (B.Sc.) IN BOTANY Sun, 23 Jul 2023 00:00:00 GMT http://202.45.146.37:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/292 2023-07-23T00:00:00Z