ANTIBACTERIAL EFFECT OF GREEN TEA EXTRACT AGAINST DRUG RESISTANT Escherichia coli ISOLATED FROM URINE SAMPLE OF PATIENTS VISITING TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL FROM ESTERN NEPAL

Abstract

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) caused by drug resistant (DR) Uropathogenic Escherichia coli have become a significant worldwide public health problem. Due to rapid increased in antibiotic resistant, finding alternative antimicrobial agents from plant extracts has received growing interest and employed to control multi drug resistant (MDR). The present study is focused on antibacterial activity of Green tea extract against the virulent Uropathogenic Escherichia coli. A laboratory based cross sectional study was conducted to determine the effect of green tea extract against DR Uropathogenic Escherichia coli from the urine sample of patient visiting tertiary care hospital. In this review 365 midstream urine samples were collected out of them Escherichia coli (45.48%), non-Escherichia coli (27.12%) were isolated whereas (27.40%) mid-stream urine samples shown no significant growth from patients with complains of UTIs processed in microbiology laboratory for the isolation and identification by following Bergey‘s Manuals of identification of bacteria. Female (68.49%) has more E. coli isolates then male (31.51%). The identified species was subsequently exposed to selected antibiotics to test for their susceptibility test by using Kirby diffusion method. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of different antibiotics was determined as recommended by the National Committee of Clinical and Laboratory Standards (2011). Then identification of (19.28%) MDR Escherichia coli was done by following prescription of Clinical Laboratory Standard Instructions (CLSI). In this review both non-MDR and MDR Uropathogenic Escherichia coli shows high resistance to Amoxicillin, Ciprofloxacine, Cotrimoxazole whereas Cefotaxime; Ceftazidime, Nalidixic acid, Norfloxacin and Tetracycline shown least resistant on the other hand Gentamicine, Amikacin and Nitrofurantonin shown no resistance. Then the effect of green tea extract was performed by preparing the 95% ethanol extract in Soxhlet apparatus follow by phytochemical analysis. In this study phytochemical analysis of Green Tea Extract was done, which shows alkaloids, flavanoids, saponins, terpenes phenolic compound, Cardenolides and Cardiac glycosides. Antibacterial activity of Green Tea Extract against MDR Uropathogenic Escherichia coli was performed by making different concentration of green tea extract. Concentration of Green Tea extract of 1.2 gm/ml shown larger clear zone of 12mm. The MIC of Green Tea Extract was found to be 0.6 gm./ml. Based on the present study Green Tea Extracts have great potential as an antimicrobial compounds against DR Uropathogenic E. coli due to present of polyphenol compound (catechins). Further work need to be done to identify the biologically active materials of green tea. Studies on in vivo research using human volunteers are lacking.