ANTIBIOTIC SUSCEPTIBILITY TEST OF Staphylococcus aureus ISOLATED FROM DIFFERENT CLINICAL SAMPLES OF BIRATNAGAR, NEPAL

Abstract

Staphylococcus aureus is one of the major pathogen both within the hospitals and community. In addition the prevalence of methicillin resistant strains of S. aureus has become the major threat in most of the countries. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of infections caused by S. aureus as well as MRSA strains and determine their antibiotic susceptibility pattern. A constituent and localized study was carried out from August to December 2021 at MEH, Biratnagar, Nepal. 220 S. aureus was isolated from 856 clinical specimens. Staphylococcus was identified by the biochemical tests and coagulase test was performed as the confirmatory test of the bacterium. Among the isolates Methicillin Resistant S. aureus (MRSA) was identified by using the Cefoxitin (30 µg) disc diffusion method followed by Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI 2012) guidelines. Among 220 isolates, 56.36% (n=124) were from inpatients and 43.64% (n=96) were from outpatients. Likewise, 62.73% (n=138) were from male patients and 37.28% (n=82) were from female patients. Antibiogram of all 220 S. aureus strains showed effectiveness as: chloramphenicol (74.09%) the most effective drug, followed by Clindamycin (73.18%) and meropenem (70.91%), and the least effective drug was found to be erythromycin (35.45%). Frequency of MRSA, using cefoxitin discs, was found to be 48.64% (n=107) whereas, vancomycin was found to be 100% effective. Out of 107 MRSA strains, the maximum number of strains (n=58) were isolated from the inpatients.. High Prevalence of Staphylococcal and MRSA infections in hospital patients manifested the demand of frequent inspection avoiding the random consumption of antibiotic on any such infections. Key Words: , , , ,