ANTI-PHYTOPATHOGENIC EVALUATION OF SYNERGESTICALLY FORMULATED AQUEOUS EXTRACT AND COW URINE EXTRACT OF SELECTED PLANTS

Abstract

Plants have been classified as an essential source of medicinal agents and a huge number of novel drug components have been isolated from natural plant sources. Plants have evolved secondary biochemical pathways that allow them to synthesize a raft of secondary metabolites, often in response to specific environmental stimuli, such as herbivore-induced damage, pathogen attacks, or nutrient depravation. Plants produced secondary metabolites (phytochemicals); have demonstrated their potential as antimicrobial when used alone and as synergists or potentiates of other antibacterial agents. The aim of the study is to investigate the medicinal properties of Azadirachta indica, Allium sativum and Capsicum annum by performing phytochemical screening and evaluating their antibacterial and antifungal properties. All the selected plants were extracted in water and cow urine by maceration, infusion or decoction method. The antibacterial properties were evaluated by agar cup-well diffusion method and antifungal properties were evaluated by poison food technique method. Minimum Inhibitory concentrations of all the extracts were evaluated by serial broth dilution method. Preliminary qualitative phytochemical screening shows the presence of tannins, saponins, alkaloids and flavonoids, carbohydrate and amino acids. The ZOI was more with 50 μg/ml concentration than the 25μg/ml concentration by all the plant extracts where the cow urine extract of neem at 50μg/ml showed largest ZOI (14mm) against X. axonopodis pv citri. The mycelial growth was more inhibited by cow urine extract of neem with highest mycelia growth inhibition of 92% against F. oxysporum f.sp cubense at 50μg/ml concentration. The best antimicrobial actions were observed in the Neem in combination with other plant extract against the selected plant pathogens. Among cow urine and aqueous, cow urine extract of A. indica + A. sativum and showed the better result among the bacterial and fungal plant pathogens with lowest MIC value of 1250μglml for X. oryzea pv oryzea, 312.5μg/ml for X. axonopodis pv citri, 2500μg/ml for B. oryzea and 312.5μg/ml for F. oxysporum f.sp cubense respectively. Thus, from the overall comparison of plant extract cow urine and aqueous plant extract were found to be significant with p˂0.05.